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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

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The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

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A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Broad Feshbach Resonance with a Large Background Scattering Length in a Fermionic Atom-Molecule Mixture.

Zhen Su1,2, Tong-Hui Shou1,2, Huan Yang1,2,3

  • 1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

Physical Review Letters
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed a broad magnetic Feshbach resonance in ultracold sodium-potassium (NaK) molecules and potassium (K) atoms. This resonance enables studying strongly interacting, mass-imbalanced fermionic gases, potentially revealing new quantum phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) Physics
  • Quantum Gases
  • Ultracold Matter

Background:

  • Ultracold atom-molecule mixtures are crucial for exploring quantum phenomena.
  • Feshbach resonances allow tuning of interactions in ultracold gases.
  • Studying mass-imbalanced systems presents unique challenges and opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe and characterize a broad magnetic Feshbach resonance in a specific ultracold fermionic mixture.
  • To investigate the hydrodynamic regime driven by a large background scattering length.
  • To explore the potential for studying strongly interacting fermionic gases with mass imbalance.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of an ultracold fermionic mixture of sodium-potassium (NaK) molecules and potassium (K) atoms in their lowest hyperfine states.
  • Characterization of the Feshbach resonance by measuring resonantly enhanced loss rates.
  • Measurement of elastic scattering cross sections via cross-species thermalization.

Main Results:

  • Observation of a broad magnetic Feshbach resonance with a significant background scattering length.
  • Demonstration that the large background scattering length drives the system into the hydrodynamic regime.
  • Observation of phase-locked, common-frequency oscillations in the center-of-mass motions of atoms and molecules due to hydrodynamic drag.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered broad atom-molecule Feshbach resonance provides a new platform for quantum gas research.
  • The large background scattering length facilitates access to the hydrodynamic regime.
  • This system offers a novel pathway for investigating strongly interacting fermionic gases with mass imbalance.