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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Ising Superconductivity in Bulk Layered Noncentrosymmetric 4H-NbSe_{2}.

Chandan Patra1, Tarushi Agarwal1, Rahul Verma2

  • 1Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Department of Physics, Bhopal, 462066, India.

Physical Review Letters
|December 5, 2025
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We report the discovery of Ising superconductivity in a novel 4H-NbSe_{2} crystal. This material intrinsically breaks inversion symmetry, enabling robust valley-selective spin polarization for advanced quantum applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer diverse quantum states due to multiple polymorphs.
  • Monolayer 2H-NbSe_{2} shows promise for Ising superconductivity, but bulk 2H-NbSe_{2} lacks necessary symmetry breaking.
  • Ising superconductivity requires specific spin-polarized states arising from broken inversion symmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize the acentric bulk polymorph 4H-NbSe_{2}.
  • To investigate the potential of 4H-NbSe_{2} for hosting Ising superconductivity.
  • To explore valley-selective spin-polarized states in bulk TMDs.

Main Methods:

  • High-quality single crystal growth of 4H-NbSe_{2}.
  • Magnetization and resistivity measurements to probe superconductivity.
  • First-principles calculations and symmetry analysis for electronic structure.

Main Results:

  • 4H-NbSe_{2} intrinsically breaks inversion symmetry and exhibits valley-selective spin polarization.
  • Anisotropic superconductivity observed, with in-plane critical fields exceeding the Pauli limit.
  • Calculations confirm significant valley-selective spin splitting, supporting Ising pairing.

Conclusions:

  • 4H-NbSe_{2} is a promising bulk material for realizing Ising superconductivity.
  • This material provides a robust platform for studying valley-selective phenomena in TMDs.
  • The findings open new avenues for quantum device exploration.