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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Neoadjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy for Surgically Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Balancing Promise and Pitfalls.

Parth Anil Desai1, Hossein Borghaei1, Martin J Edelman1

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Clinical Lung Cancer
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
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Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy improves outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but risks surgical ineligibility. Further research is needed to compare perioperative versus adjuvant strategies and identify optimal patient selection for resectable NSCLC.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitorsLung cancer surgeryPre-surgery

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Oncology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Definitive surgery is standard for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • Adjuvant therapies, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), offer incremental survival benefits.
  • Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy is being explored to enhance treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits and risks of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC.
  • To compare neoadjuvant strategies with traditional upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy.
  • To identify priorities for optimizing treatment sequencing and patient selection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of randomized trials (CheckMate 816, KEYNOTE-671, AEGEAN, CheckMate 77T) evaluating neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.
  • Assessment of event-free survival, pathological response, and overall survival.
  • Review of reasons for patients not proceeding to surgery after neoadjuvant treatment.

Main Results:

  • Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy improved event-free survival and pathological response compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone.
  • A significant percentage of patients (15-24%) did not undergo surgery, primarily due to disease progression or ineligibility.
  • Upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy remains a benchmark, with no direct head-to-head comparisons to perioperative approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy shows promise but carries a risk of surgical attrition.
  • Priorities include prospective trials comparing perioperative versus adjuvant strategies (e.g., PROSPECT-LUNG trial).
  • Biomarker discovery and shared decision-making are crucial for optimizing treatment sequencing and patient selection in resectable NSCLC.