A review on forensic profiling of rhinoceros horn

The relentless escalation of rhinoceros horn trafficking represents a profound and immediate threat to the survival of rhinoceros populations across Africa and Asia. This illicit trade, driven by persistent demand in certain consumer markets, undermines global conservation efforts and poses significant challenges for law enforcement agencies worldwide. This review comprehensively explores the pivotal role of forensic profiling as an indispensable tool in combating rhino horn trafficking. Forensic profiling, by applying advanced scientific methodologies to analyse the unique chemical, physical, and molecular signatures inherent to rhino horn offers critical capabilities in the detection of concealed contraband. Profiling can be used for the authentication of genuine horn against widespread counterfeits, and the increasingly sophisticated geographical sourcing of seized materials. This multi-faceted scientific approach could not only provide robust, admissible evidence for prosecution, but also generate vital intelligence to inform strategic interventions, disrupt illicit supply chains, and ultimately contribute to the long-term conservation of these endangered mega-herbivores.