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Published on: September 21, 2017
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A computational study of forward head posture biomechanics.
Katterine N Rios-Peralta1, Afonso J C Silva2, Ricardo J Alves-de-Sousa2
1School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|December 5, 2025
Summary
Forward head posture (FHP) alters cervical spine biomechanics, increasing upper spinal curvature and narrowing neural spaces. These changes may lead to pain and degeneration, highlighting the need for early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Spinal Health
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
Background:
- Forward head posture (FHP) is a prevalent postural deviation.
- It is associated with altered cervical spine biomechanics and musculoskeletal disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the biomechanical effects of FHP using a validated finite element model.
- To assess changes in sagittal balance, neural foraminal spaces, and cortical bone stresses due to FHP.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a validated C0-T1 finite element model (THUMS v4.2).
- Validated model against cadaveric data for sagittal balance and range of motion.
- Measured craniovertebral angle (CVA), OP-C2, cervical lordosis, and neural structures (GON, C2-NR) before and after 2.5 cm anterior head displacement.
Main Results:
- FHP induced increased upper cervical lordosis and decreased lower cervical curvature.
- Measurable narrowing of neural foraminal spaces (GON, C2-NR) was observed.
- Elevated cortical bone stresses were noted, particularly between C2-C3.
Conclusions:
- FHP leads to compensatory adaptations in the cervical spine.
- These adaptations may predispose individuals to pain and degenerative changes.
- Early intervention strategies are crucial to mitigate long-term spinal health impacts.
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