An update review on plasma-driven polysaccharide degradation: Effects on physicochemical properties, structural...

Polysaccharides are natural macromolecules with diverse biological functions, and degradation has been recognized as an effective strategy to enhance their biological activities. In recent years, plasma technology has attracted increasing attention as an advanced approach for polysaccharide degradation. This paper reviewed 94 studies published between 2004 and 2025, focused on the major plasma types applied in polysaccharide degradation, the potential degradation mechanisms, and the influence of different process parameters on degradation efficiency. It also summarized strategies for improving the efficiency of plasma-assisted degradation. Moreover, the effects of plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and biological activities of polysaccharides were highlighted, along with key considerations and current challenges. Overall, plasma, as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and mild technology, exhibits great potential for the targeted redesign and functional enhancement of polysaccharides, and is expected to further expand its applications in fields such as functional foods and pharmaceutical delivery systems.