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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

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Oncogene Mutations: The Shared Antigen Vaccines That Work?

Rodrigo Paredes^1,2, S Daniel Haldar³, Shubham Pant³

¹Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside-West, New York, NY, USA.

Annual Review of Medicine

|December 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Oncogene-directed cancer vaccines targeting shared mutations offer a scalable alternative to neoantigen vaccines. These vaccines show promise in clinical trials for various cancers, especially in minimal residual disease settings.

Keywords:

EGFR-targeted vaccines IDH-targeted vaccines KRAS-targeted vaccines cancer vaccines mutation-driven vaccines oncogene-directed immunotherapy shared antigen vaccines

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Cancer immunotherapy has progressed with immune checkpoint inhibitors and T cell therapies.
Challenges remain in overcoming tumor immune evasion.
Neoantigen vaccines show promise but face scalability issues due to tumor heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution of oncogene-directed cancer vaccines.
To discuss their clinical impact and potential.
To explore future strategies for optimizing vaccine efficacy.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical trial data on oncogene-directed vaccines.
Analysis of shared oncogenic driver mutations (e.g., KRAS, EGFR, IDH) as vaccine targets.
Exploration of advances in vaccine delivery, adjuvants, and immune modulation.

Main Results:

Shared oncogenic driver mutations provide a stable and broadly applicable vaccine strategy.
Clinical trials demonstrate the immunogenicity of these vaccines.
Potential is shown in minimal residual disease settings.

Conclusions:

Oncogene-directed vaccines represent a promising, scalable approach to cancer immunotherapy.
Further advances in delivery and immune modulation are expected to enhance efficacy.
These vaccines hold significant potential for treating various cancers, particularly in overcoming immune evasion.