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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

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Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
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Measuring dynamic air quality in clean operating rooms using three methods: a prospective study.

Mingyue Fu1, Ying Zhang2, Jin Hu3

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.

The Journal of Hospital Infection
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Operating room (OR) air quality fluctuates significantly during surgery, with microbial contamination peaking during wound closure and particle counts rising mid-surgery. Dynamic monitoring and reduced door openings are crucial for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs).

Keywords:
Airborne bacteriaClean operating roomDynamic air qualityInfection controlParticulate matterSettling bacteriaSurgical site infection

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare-associated infections
  • Environmental hygiene in healthcare settings
  • Surgical safety

Background:

  • Operating rooms (ORs) are critical environments where air quality directly impacts surgical site infection (SSI) rates.
  • Maintaining optimal air quality in ORs is essential for patient safety and infection control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the dynamics of airborne contamination within operating rooms during surgical procedures.
  • To identify specific intraoperative phases and risk factors associated with elevated contamination levels.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current air quality standards in reflecting real-time surgical risks.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study was conducted in three ISO Class 7 gastrointestinal (GI) ORs.
  • Airborne bacteria, settling bacteria, and particle counts were measured across four intraoperative phases (T1-T4).
  • Personnel numbers and door opening frequency were concurrently recorded to correlate with air quality parameters.

Main Results:

  • Significant temporal variations in air quality parameters were observed throughout the surgical phases (P < 0.001).
  • Microbial contamination (airborne and settling bacteria) peaked significantly during wound closure (T4).
  • Particulate matter counts were highest mid-surgery (T3), correlating with increased activity and door openings.

Conclusions:

  • Operating room air quality is highly dynamic, exhibiting distinct contamination peaks during specific surgical phases.
  • Current static air quality standards may not adequately address intraoperative contamination risks.
  • Real-time dynamic monitoring and stringent protocols to minimize door openings are recommended for effective SSI prevention.