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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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ChatGPT-Assisted Glaucoma Diagnosis: A Health-Equitable Multi-Ancestry Analysis Using Visual Field and Optical

Andy S Huang1, Anthony Fam1, Hetince Zhao1

  • 1From the Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.S.H., A.F., H.Z., N.P., A.F.-K., A.H., T.Y.T.T., J.C.T., L.R.P.), New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ChatGPT diagnosed glaucoma with high accuracy using optical coherence tomography and visual field data, performing consistently across diverse ancestries and genetic risk groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Early glaucoma detection is challenging due to anatomical variations, non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and subjective visual field tests.
  • Multimodal large language models (LLMs) offer potential for equitable and accurate glaucoma screening across diverse populations.
  • Evaluating AI diagnostic capabilities is crucial for advancing ophthalmic care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT o1 Pro in identifying glaucoma using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field (VF) data.
  • To evaluate the consistency of ChatGPT's performance across different ancestries and glaucoma polygenic risk scores (PRS).
  • To compare AI performance against specialist diagnoses for glaucoma screening.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study involving 204 participants from the Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank.
  • Participants were stratified by ancestry (European vs. non-European) and glaucoma PRS (low/intermediate vs. high risk).
  • ChatGPT o1 Pro analyzed de-identified OCT-RNFL and VF numerical outputs; performance was compared to a consensus reference diagnosis by glaucoma specialists.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT o1 Pro demonstrated high sensitivity (96.0%) and specificity (83.7%) for glaucoma detection, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899.
  • Model performance showed no significant differences between European and non-European subgroups (AUC: 0.894 vs 0.906) or PRS risk groups (AUC: 0.889 vs 0.922).
  • Global circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was the primary determinant of disease classification.

Conclusions:

  • ChatGPT o1 Pro achieved diagnostic performance comparable to glaucoma specialists using only OCT and VF data.
  • The AI model's accuracy remained consistent across diverse ancestral groups and genetic predispositions for glaucoma.
  • LLMs show promise for improving the equity and accuracy of glaucoma screening.