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An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

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Longevity and Catheter-Related Infection Rates in Nonhuman Primates with Chronic Indwelling Intravenous Catheters.

Emory Lewis^1,2, Mia I Rough^1,2, Brianna F Roberts^1,2

¹Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

|December 5, 2025

Summary

Long-term studies using indwelling intravenous catheters in Old World macaques are feasible. Rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys showed low infection rates and long catheter patency, supporting their use in preclinical research.

Keywords:

VAP, vascular access port;nonhuman primate NHP

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Research
Primate Models
Pharmacology

Background:

Indwelling intravenous catheters are crucial for preclinical research, particularly in drug self-administration animal models.
These models help assess drug abuse liability and treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of indwelling intravenous catheters in Old World macaques for drug self-administration studies.
To analyze infection rates and catheter patency over 23 years.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of medical records from 23 years of drug self-administration studies.
Examination of data from rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys implanted with intravenous catheters and vascular access ports.

Main Results:

Femoral vein was the most frequently catheterized, followed by jugular veins.
Infection rates were 13.7% in cynomolgus and 10.3% in rhesus monkeys.
Average catheter patency was 22.5 months (cynomolgus) and 15.5 months (rhesus).

Conclusions:

Old World macaques are suitable for long-term, longitudinal studies using indwelling intravenous catheters.
The findings support the use of these primates in preclinical drug research due to catheter durability and manageable infection rates.