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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: July 29, 2011
Detection of Epicardial Late Potentials by Endocardial Wide-Bipolar Mapping in a Case of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Noriyuki Kobayashi1, Taiji Okada2, Shunsuke Uetake2
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital, Kawaguchi, Japan.
Background:
Identifying substrates for ventricular tachycardia (VT) from the endocardium is often difficult when the arrhythmia originates from the epicardium.
Case Summary:
A 72-year-old man with sustained VT and a left ventricular aneurysm due to cardiac sarcoidosis underwent left ventricular mapping using a high-density mapping catheter. With conventional omnipolar configuration, no low-voltage area or abnormal potentials were identified. However, reconstruction of the isochronal late activation map with wide-bipolar configuration revealed low-frequency late potentials within the aneurysm. Subsequent epicardial mapping demonstrated extensive late potentials on the contralateral side, and ablation at this site was successful in eliminating VT.
Discussion:
Wide-bipolar electrograms include more far-field components than close-bipolar or omnipolar signals, enabling detection of epicardial-originated potentials from the endocardium.
Take-Home Message:
When late potentials are not evident with conventional configurations, wide-bipolar electrograms may uncover epicardial substrates from the endocardial surface.
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