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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
Published on: December 1, 2013
Urothelial Cancer: What Is the Role of Expression-based Subtypes to Guide Neoadjuvant Therapy in Muscle-invasive
1Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Abstract:
Tumor subtypes originate from the heterogeneity of bladder cancer. The goal of subtyping is to reproducibly group tumors to generate a specific outcome (eg, response to therapy). It is crucial to detect subtypes that respond better to perioperative therapy, to identify patients for bladder preservation. Prospective, comprehensive biomarker trials are required to enhance the precision of perioperative therapy.
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