Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

51.1K
Overview
51.1K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

32.8K
Overview
32.8K
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

3.5K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
3.5K
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

1.6K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
1.6K
Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

440
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
440
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

806
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
806

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response to the letter.

Research in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Zika virus infection preceding Guillain-Barré syndrome: Two cases from Southern India.

Tropical doctor·2026
Same author

Utility of saliva in rapid post-mortem rabies diagnosis in animals by lateral flow assay.

Research in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Neurological Consequences of CMV Infection: Overview of Pathogenesis and Host Responses.

Reviews in medical virology·2025
Same author

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Autoimmune Diseases: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights.

Journal of medical virology·2025
Same author

Comprehensive genomic analysis of rabies virus in India reveals distinct lineages and evolutionary stability.

Virus genes·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.5K

Rabies Despite Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in High-Burden Settings: Vaccine Failure or Gaps in Healthcare Delivery?

Lonika Lodha1, Shipra Gupta1, M A Ashwini1

  • 1Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, India.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

True rabies breakthrough infections are rare. Most cases occur due to incomplete post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) protocols, not vaccine failure. Improving PEP adherence is crucial for rabies prevention.

Keywords:
Rabiesbreakthrough infectionsrabies vaccineszoonosis

More Related Videos

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
07:40

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

14.4K
A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
04:10

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.5K
Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
07:40

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

14.4K
A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
04:10

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic diseases
  • Infectious encephalitis
  • Public health

Background:

  • Rabies is a fatal zoonotic encephalitis preventable by post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
  • Concerns exist regarding rabies cases despite PEP, questioning vaccine efficacy and protocol adherence.
  • This study investigated the prevalence and causes of apparent rabies "breakthrough" infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the burden of rabies cases occurring despite post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
  • To identify the underlying causes of apparent rabies "breakthrough" infections.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of PEP protocols in preventing rabies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed rabies cases from 2018-2024 who received PEP.
  • Inclusion criteria: at least one documented rabies vaccine dose.
  • Definition of "true" breakthrough: rabies despite PEP initiation within two days and completion of all components.

Main Results:

  • 89 cases analyzed; only 3 classified as "true" breakthrough infections.
  • Majority of cases were males (80.90%) and under 15 years old (64.04%).
  • High rates of WHO Category III exposures (80.9%), dog bites (93.26%), and head/neck injuries (34.83%).
  • Significant gaps in PEP delivery: timely initiation (57.3%), documented wound care (56.18%), completed vaccination (46.07%), and rabies immunoglobulin administration (26.39% for Category III).

Conclusions:

  • "True" rabies breakthrough infections are uncommon.
  • Most apparent PEP failures stem from deficiencies in healthcare delivery and protocol adherence.
  • Strengthening healthcare worker and community awareness of critical PEP steps is essential to maintain public confidence in rabies prevention.