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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

28.9K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

3.1K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

21.0K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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Chiral phonons in polar LiNbO3.

Hiroki Ueda1, Abhishek Nag2,3, Carl P Romao4,5

  • 1Center for Photon Science, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. hiroki.ueda@psi.ch.

Nature Communications
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
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Chiral phonons, carrying angular momentum, were directly observed in lithium niobate crystals. This discovery enables electrical control over phonon chirality and angular momentum for novel applications in chiral phononics.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Quasiparticles are collective excitations crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Chirality is an emerging degree of freedom in condensed matter, enabling novel phenomena.
  • Chiral phonons possess angular momentum, breaking time-reversal symmetry and linking spin and lattice dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly demonstrate the existence of chiral phonons in a material.
  • To investigate the electrical control of phonon chirality in ferroelectric materials.
  • To explore the potential of chiral phononics and phonon angular momentum control.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental proof of chiral phonons.
  • Utilizing a prototypical polar lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal.
  • Demonstrating in-situ electrical control over phonon properties.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence for chiral phonons was obtained.
  • Electrical control of momentum-dependent "magnetic" polarization was achieved.
  • Reversible control of phonon handedness was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral phonons are present in ferroelectric materials like LiNbO3.
  • Ferroic control of phonon chirality offers new avenues for manipulating lattice dynamics.
  • This work lays the foundation for the emerging field of chiral phononics.