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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
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Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Solid Phase 11C-Methylation, Purification and Formulation for the Production of PET Tracers
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Green Analytical Techniques for Impurity Determination in Pharmaceuticals.

Muneeb Ur Rahman1,2, Habiba Akram3, Mubashra Saeed4

  • 1College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.

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|December 6, 2025
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Green analytical chemistry (GAC) offers sustainable pharmaceutical impurity profiling using eco-friendly methods. Advanced tools and AI integration are key for wider adoption, despite challenges in cost and standardization.

Keywords:
environmental sustainabilitygreen analytical chemistrypharmaceutical impuritieswaste minimization

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Green analytical chemistry (GAC) minimizes environmental impact from organic solvents in pharmaceutical analysis.
  • Impurity profiling is crucial for pharmaceutical safety and quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review green chromatographic techniques, spectroscopic methods, and microextraction for sustainable pharmaceutical impurity profiling.
  • To comparatively analyze greenness assessment tools, including the advanced analytical greenness metric (AGREE).

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on GAC principles and techniques applied to pharmaceutical impurity profiling.
  • Comparative analysis of assessment tools for greenness, methodology, and adherence to green chemistry principles.
  • Discussion of case studies and emerging technologies like AI/ML.

Main Results:

  • Various green techniques (e.g., SFC) show potential for pharmaceutical impurity profiling.
  • Greenness assessment tools vary in scope and harmonization, impacting comparability.
  • Challenges include cost, scalability, regulatory hurdles, and lack of global standardization.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating AI/ML and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration can accelerate the adoption of sustainable pharmaceutical analysis.
  • Validation and regulatory alignment are essential for AI/ML trustworthiness in pharmaceutical analysis.