Shared gene functions in autoimmune diseases identified via integrated bioinformatics analysis

Genetic transmission has minimal impact on autoimmune diseases compared to environmental factors. In conclusion, studies now focus on gene expression changes for diagnosis and treatment. This study used stringent cut-off values ​​(p < 0.05, Log2(FoldChange) > 5) to monitor gene expression changes. Gene Ontology and Reactome Pathways enrichment analyses were performed, and interactions between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the STRING database. Biomarker candidate genes were investigated across ten autoimmune diseases. Non-coding genes, particularly LINC01833 (upregulated in four diseases) and CD177 (upregulated in three diseases), were significant. The VCX, SLC, and KLK families were notably upregulated. Non-coding RNAs RNU5D-1 and MIR3648-1 were shared in two disease groups. Among shared genes between multiple sclerosis (MS) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), ALPL, CHI3L1, HBM, MYL4, and PI3 were prominently downregulated. This study highlights the identification of differentially expressed signature genes across ten autoimmune diseases with high significance cut-offs (p < 0.05, Log2(FoldChange) > 5), suggesting their potential as significant targets for diagnosis and treatment.