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Updated: Jan 9, 2026
Selective Cell Elimination from Mixed 3D Culture Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Technique
Published on: March 14, 2016
Suppressing Reverse Intersystem Crossing by Confining Organic Molecules within LDH Interlayers for Near-Infrared-II
Tingting Hu1,2, Tao Wang1, Liujia Chan3
1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
Abstract:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leveraging near-infrared-II (NIR-II) light holds promise for deep-tissue cancer treatment, yet conventional photosensitizers (PSs) suffer from low singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields due to inefficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and short-lived triplet states, hindering PDT effectiveness and subsequent immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction. Herein, a dual-optimized PS is reported by intercalating I-functionalized isophthalic acid (I-IPA) into ZnAl-LDH interlayers (LDH@I-IPA) for NIR-II PDT/immunotherapy. LDH-mediated confinement effect not only narrows the bandgap for effective NIR-II excitation, but also prolongs its triplet lifetime by 3 orders of magnitude through suppressing reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Combined with I-induced heavy-atom effect promoting ISC, LDH@I-IPA achieves a record-high relative 1O2 quantum yield of 1.89. After polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification, LDH@I-IPA-PEG demonstrates potent tumor apoptosis and ICD, suppressing primary/metastatic tumors by 99.5%/52.2% through dendritic cell maturation, macrophage polarization, and cytotoxic T-cell activation. Theoretical calculations and transcriptomic analysis confirm bandgap engineering, RISC inhibition, and immune pathway regulation.
