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Onosma mutabilis-mediated silver nanoparticles target lung cancer cell viability and migration: in vitro evidence
Pelin Eroglu1, Selda Doğan Çalhan2, Hamide Doğan3
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye.
Objective:
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely utilized in anti-migratory applications due to their beneficial physicochemical and biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of AgNPs synthesized using the above-ground parts (stems, flowers, and leaves) of Onosma mutabilis (O. mutabilis).
Significance:
Green-synthesized AgNPs derived from O. mutabilis exhibit notable cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects on A549 cells, offering dual-functional potential. Their biocompatibility and capacity for targeted release in acidic tumor microenvironments make them promising candidates for sustainable cancer therapies.
Methods:
AgNPs were green-synthesized using aqueous plant extracts and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity against A549 cells was assessed via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and anti-migratory effects were examined using a scratch assay.
Results:
UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs synthesized from O. mutabilis extracts by showing a characteristic absorption band around 420-480 nm. XRD analysis revealed their crystalline structure, while SEM demonstrated predominantly spherical morphology. MTT assay indicated that the AgNPs, especially those derived from the flower extract, significantly reduced A549 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 5.28 µg/mL. In addition, wound healing assays confirmed their strong anti-migratory activity.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that green-synthesized AgNPs induce cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents against A549 lung cancer cells.
