150 Years since the birth of Lev Berg: Nomogenesis is more relevant today than ever

This article is dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the evolutionist Lev Berg and explores his evolutionary ideas. Concepts such as convergence, parallelism, and mimicry are examined. A substantial body of modern research supports Berg's view of evolution as a directional process. In particular, Berg's conclusion that such complex living structures could not have arisen by chance is fully supported by modern calculations. Contemporary examples of parallelism research among animals (including domesticated ones) are considered. Contemporary examples of mimicry research are also considered. The extensive parallelism of species, organs, tissues, etc., also strongly supports Berg's theory. One of Berg's most important ideas was the improbability of random evolution in living systems. The lack of a solution to this problem is one of the main shortcomings of Darwinism. Modern genomic research allows us to further tighten the requirements for this probability, making it negligible.