Vascular anatomic variant-related venous thromboembolism: what a hematologist needs to know

This review will discuss practical aspects pertaining to deep vein thrombosis associated with 3 venous anatomical variants: duplicated femoral vein, May-Thurner syndrome, and Paget-Schroetter syndrome. Each of these conditions presents unique complexities that need to be accurately identified and managed. These conditions are very challenging for hematologists, as the first specialist to evaluate the patient is often not a hematologist but a vascular surgeon or an interventional radiologist. Key aspects from a hematologist's perspective, covering pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies, are presented in concise and focused paragraphs, each followed by 3 to 4 clear, practical take-home points. Potential pitfalls and future directions are also discussed in this article.