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Acceptability, deviation, and efficiency of 2 fully automated CAD software programs in designing 3-unit fixed dental
Kedith Sawangsri1, Mariam Bekkali2, Yuan-Lynn Hsieh1
1Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio.
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
|December 6, 2025
Summary
Fully automated artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided design (CAD) software shows potential for multi-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). While AI improves design efficiency, human oversight is crucial for optimal results.
Area of Science:
- Dental Technology
- Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry
- Prosthodontics
Background:
- Automated AI-based CAD software shows promise for single-unit crown design.
- Its efficacy in designing multi-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the design acceptability, trueness, and efficiency of two AI-based CAD software programs for 3-unit FDPs.
- Comparison was made against designs created by dental laboratory technicians.
Main Methods:
- Digital scans of natural abutments were used to design 3-unit FDPs (anterior and posterior).
- Designs were created using dentbird (DB) AI, Atomica AI (AA), and Certified Dental Technicians (CDT).
- Acceptability, trueness (RMS deviation), and CAD time were assessed.
Main Results:
- Atomica AI (AA) achieved a 93% success rate, comparable to CDT, especially for posterior FDPs.
- Both AI programs reduced design time but scored lower than CDT in occlusal/proximal contacts and connector size.
- AA showed lower RMS deviation than DB in anterior FDPs.
Conclusions:
- Fully automated AI-based CAD systems exhibit variable performance in 3-unit FDP design.
- AA demonstrates acceptable trueness and morphology, particularly posteriorly.
- Human oversight remains essential for critical design aspects and anterior FDPs.
