Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 9, 2026
09:02
A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
Published on: February 2, 2021
4.8K
Unusual Causes of Obstructive Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Series
Rayees Yousuf Sheikh1, Teerath Kumar Maheshwari1, Sana Noman2
1Department of Nephrology, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama, Bahrain.
Summary
Obstructive uropathy causes acute kidney injury, especially in adults due to malignancies. This series details rare cases linked to inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms and retroperitoneal fibrosis, highlighting management needs.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Vascular Surgery
Background:
- Obstructive uropathy is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), accounting for 5%-10% of cases.
- In adults, upper urinary tract obstruction (UTO) is predominantly caused by malignancies, unlike in pediatric populations where congenital anomalies prevail.
- Rare causes of UTO, such as inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) and retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), present diagnostic and management challenges due to their infrequency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report three rare cases of obstructive acute kidney injury (AKI).
- To discuss the diagnostic and management challenges posed by IAAA and RPF as causes of UTO.
- To contribute to the literature to aid in understanding these rare conditions and potentially formulating management protocols.
Main Methods:
- Case series reporting three distinct cases of obstructive AKI.
- Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and management strategies for each case.
- Literature review on IAAA and RPF as causes of urinary tract obstruction.
Main Results:
- One case of obstructive AKI secondary to IAAA was identified.
- Two cases of obstructive AKI secondary to RPF were identified.
- The rarity of IAAA and RPF necessitates a tailored approach to diagnosis and management.
Conclusions:
- IAAA and RPF are rare but significant causes of obstructive AKI in adults.
- The lack of specific guidelines for IAAA and RPF underscores the need for further research and case reporting.
- This case series aims to improve understanding and inform the development of standardized management protocols for these uncommon conditions.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
856
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
856
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
244
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
244
01:22Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction
530
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
530
01:29Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations
778
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
778
01:22Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management
367
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
367
01:20Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care
282
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
282