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Related Concept Videos

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients
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Interacting filaments drive vesicle morphogenesis.

Chengyao Zhang1, Guijin Zou2, Yaxin Fang1

  • 1School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.

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|December 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interacting filament loops inside vesicles drive diverse shape changes. Filament interactions dominate vesicle morphology, offering design principles for soft robotics and artificial cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics, Soft Matter
  • Biophysics
  • Robotics

Background:

  • The interaction between vesicles and enclosed filaments is crucial for cellular processes like morphogenesis and motility.
  • Filaments can act as active elements regulating system behavior through engineered interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how interacting filament loops within vesicles induce morphological transformations.
  • To understand the role of inter- and intrafilament interactions in vesicle and filament deformation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling
  • Molecular dynamics simulations

Main Results:

  • Observed diverse system-wide morphological transformations driven by filament interactions.
  • Identified phenomena such as filament buckling, reorientation, vesicle stretching, and shape transitions.
  • Constructed morphological phase diagrams for vesicles under varying osmotic pressures and volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Interfilament interactions play a dominant role in dictating emergent vesicle morphologies.
  • Provides quantitative design principles for artificial cellular systems and adaptive soft robotics.