Chiral induced spin selectivity effect: A review of materials, mechanisms, and application exploration

The diversity of chiral molecules is due to their unique asymmetric structure. Although the physical and chemical properties of enantiomers may be similar, their optical and biological activities are often very different or even opposite. From the selection of chiral molecules in life to the design of modern materials with specific chiral functions, chirality has always been a long-standing research topic. Every exploration of chiral science promotes human understanding of the world and the advancement of science and technology. The chiral-induced spin-selective (CISS) effect is a breakthrough in the study of chiral molecules in recent years, which reveals the relationship between chiral molecules and electron spins from a unique perspective. Due to the CISS effect, chiral materials selectively filter electrons with a specific spin direction (spin polarization), thereby achieving spin regulation without the need for an external magnetic field. Therefore, the CISS effect provides a new exploration space for chiral recognition, asymmetric synthesis, origin of life, chiral electrocatalysis, and chemical reaction monitoring. This review summarizes the basic principles, development history, theoretical basis, research status and development trends of the CISS effect in chiral materials, and prospects the research status of the CISS effect in related fields.