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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

Published on: September 26, 2017

Masking effects from seasonal rainfall reshape the thresholds of landscape components on water quality in subtropical

Jiahui Xie¹, Cen Meng², Wei Ouyang³

¹Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.

Journal of Environmental Management

|December 7, 2025

Abstract:

Differences in land use and landscape patterns are crucial factors affecting water quality. However, the potential regulatory role of seasonal hydrological variations in their relationship remains insufficiently elucidated, especially in subtropical basins where heavy rainfall is concentrated during the wet season. This knowledge gap limits the precise application of landscape regulation measures across different hydrological periods. In this study, we used multi-season sampling and field research, using linear regression, integrated self-organizing mapping (SOM) and random forest (RF) regression to quantify their relationships and contributions. This study revealed that the input of heterogeneous organic matter from rainfall runoff increased the concentrations of total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon by 18.98 % and 31.43 %, respectively. In contrast, dilution reduced the concentration of inorganic nutrients. More importantly, landscape variables exhibited much higher explained variance for nutrient ratios in the dry season, reaching a maximum of 40.47 %. However, heavy rainfall-induced runoff scouring and dilution substantially reduced the explanatory capacity of landscape variables for most stoichiometric ratios, decreasing it to below 10 %. Furthermore, this process disrupted the linear relationships between landscape variables and inorganic nutrient ratios that were evident during the dry season. In addition, to maintain the reasonable ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, four core thresholds were identified in the dry season. These thresholds reflect the relationships between landscape indicators and core ecological processes in the environment. In the wet season, only one threshold was identified. The findings provide targeted guidance for basin landscape pattern optimization and water conservation, emphasizing the need to adopt specific management strategies based on hydrological characteristics.

Keywords:

Carbon Diffuse pollution Landscape components Nitrogen Phosphorus

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