Biomolecular Condensates in the Regulation of Transcription and Chromatin Architecture

Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of biomolecular condensates (liquid-like complexes) in gene control. Biomolecular condensates create a specific microenvironment around enhancers and gene promoters, which can activate transcription, repress it, or maintain at an appropriate level. They can also influence the chromatin structure and are important participants in the enhancer-promoter communication. Finally, biomolecular condensates represent promising therapeutic targets, as their dysregulation results in a broad spectrum of pathologies. The review present most recent, as well as fundamental studies establishing the role of condensates in the regulation of gene expression and enhancer-promoter communication.