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Injectable, mechanically reinforced human-based nanocomposite for minimal invasive applications.

Marcelo Costa1, Herbert Middleton2, Tiago Correia1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.

Acta Biomaterialia
|December 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed mechanically reinforced, injectable hydrogels from human platelet lysates (hPL) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). This strategy enhances material stability and promotes bone healing in vivo, offering promising patient-specific therapies.

Keywords:
Bone regenerationHuman-derivedNanocompositesPatient-specificXeno-free

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Human platelet lysates (hPL) are rich in bioactive proteins but lack mechanical strength for hard tissue regeneration.
  • Existing hPL biomaterials are often not robust enough for load-bearing applications or require invasive delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer mechanically reinforced, injectable nanocomposite hydrogels using hPL and functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp).
  • To enhance the mechanical properties and biological performance of hPL-based biomaterials for bone and cartilage repair.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of functionalized nHAp (nHAp-MA) into a bioactive organic matrix via EDC/NHS chemistry.
  • In situ photocrosslinking of the injectable hPL nanocomposite hydrogel.
  • Rheological, mechanical, and in vitro/in vivo biological assessments.

Main Results:

  • The nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited significantly enhanced elastic modulus after nHAp incorporation and photocrosslinking.
  • Functionalized nHAp at high concentrations improved mechanical stability, with particle functionalization being crucial.
  • Controlled protein release, robust mechanical properties, and positive in vivo bone healing outcomes were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanically reinforced, injectable hydrogels were successfully developed from human blood-derived materials, mimicking bone tissue composition.
  • The tunable properties of these xeno-free, growth factor-rich biomaterials make them promising for minimally invasive surgical applications.
  • The strategy supports stem cell growth and promotes bone healing, advancing patient-specific therapies.