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Updated: Jan 9, 2026
![Radiosynthesis of 1-2-[18F]Fluoroethyl-L-Tryptophan using a One-pot, Two-step Protocol](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F63025.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
Radiosynthesis of 1-2-[18F]Fluoroethyl-L-Tryptophan using a One-pot, Two-step Protocol
Published on: September 21, 2021
Tryptophan-steroid interactions in the brain-gut-microbiome axis: Neuroactive metabolites as biomarkers and
Sandhya Ravishankar1, Bhavya Ekambaram1, Nisha Boopathi1
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, (Deemed to be University), Saveetha Nagar, Chennai 602125, India.
Abstract:
Tryptophan metabolism plays a central role in connecting the brain, gut, and microbiome. Microbial and host-derived metabolites influence intestinal integrity, immune activity, and neural signaling, while steroid and neurosteroid hormones shape these pathways through receptor-mediated effects. Disturbance of this metabolic network contributes to neuropsychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. This review integrates evidence from preclinical and clinical studies to explain how tryptophan catabolism interacts with microbial activity and steroid regulation. Key neuroactive metabolites involved in these interactions are discussed, along with their potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Current limitations of animal models and the need for human-focused, multi-omics approaches are also highlighted. Together, these insights outline how coordinated tryptophan-steroid-microbiome signalling influences health and disease and identify opportunities for more precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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