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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
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Local reaction-global diffusion unlocks high-performance Mg3(Sb,Bi)2-based thermoelectrics.

Zhen Fan1, Yi Wang2, Tenglong Lu1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Science Bulletin
|December 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to control defects in Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 thermoelectrics, significantly boosting their efficiency for energy conversion and cooling. The novel approach enhances thermoelectric performance, setting new records for power factors and device efficiency.

Keywords:
High efficiencyIn-situ vacancy engineeringLocal reaction-global diffusionMg(3)(Sb,Bi)(2) thermoelectricsThermoelectric cooling and power generation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Mg3(Sb,Bi)2-based thermoelectrics (TEs) are promising for near-room-temperature applications.
  • Improving their electrical power factors and figures-of-merit (zTs) is limited by Mg-vacancy control and understanding underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel in-situ Mg-vacancy engineering strategy for Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 thermoelectrics.
  • To enhance carrier mobility and thermoelectric performance through precise defect control.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ Mg-vacancy engineering via local reactions and global diffusion during spark-plasma-sintering.
  • Multiscale investigation to elucidate the local-reaction-global-diffusion mechanism.
  • Fabrication and testing of thermoelectric modules for power generation and cooling.

Main Results:

  • Achieved record-high power factors and figures-of-merit (zTs) in vacancy-restrained Mg3(Sb,Bi)2.
  • Demonstrated high-performance thermoelectric generator modules with power densities up to 1.23 W cm⁻² at ΔT = 315 K.
  • Peltier modules achieved competitive cooling temperature differences (ΔTmax) exceeding 70 K at 303 K.

Conclusions:

  • The developed local-reaction-global-diffusion strategy effectively engineers Mg-vacancies, enhancing thermoelectric properties.
  • This approach offers a pathway to optimize other energy materials, TE-interface materials, and metal-semiconductor interfaces.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced thermoelectric devices for energy harvesting and cooling applications.