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Rotaxane Formation With Intramolecular Charge Transfer Properties for Phosphate Sensing.

Chi-Hin Wong1, Daniel Nnaemaka Tritton1, Chak-Shing Kwan1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, the People's Republic of China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|December 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel rotaxane sensor for detecting anions. The developed mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM) shows significant fluorescence quenching in the presence of phosphate, enabling sensitive anion detection.

Keywords:
[1]rotaxaneanion sensingfluorescence quenchingintramolecular charge transferphosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), particularly rotaxanes, are valuable sensing materials due to their unique structures.
  • Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in aromatic amides has been used for sensing, but less explored in rotaxanes for anion detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a novel, kinetically stable [1]rotaxane for anion sensing.
  • To investigate the fluorescence response of the rotaxane to various analytes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a [1]rotaxane using a template-directed "slippage" approach.
  • Characterization of the rotaxane's fluorescence properties.
  • Titration experiments with metal cations and inorganic anions.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized [1]rotaxane, 1-H(Rot)·PF6, exhibited restored fluorescence compared to its linear precursor due to inhibited ICT.
  • The rotaxane showed marginal fluorescence quenching with metal cations via a photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) mechanism.
  • Significant emission quenching (up to 50%) was observed with inorganic anions, particularly phosphate (PO4^3-).

Conclusions:

  • The novel rotaxane functions as an effective fluorescent sensor for inorganic anions.
  • Phosphate ions can be detected with high sensitivity by this rotaxane system.
  • The study highlights the potential of rotaxanes in anion sensing applications.