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Conflicts of interest in hand surgery: recognizing risks, navigating challenges and promoting integrity.
Hester J Kan1, Philipp Honigmann2,3,4, Ilse Degreef1
1Orthopaedic Department, Hand Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
|December 8, 2025
Summary
Conflicts of interest (COI) are common in hand surgery, affecting clinical practice and research. Addressing these requires transparency and standardized policies to maintain scientific integrity and patient trust.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Medical Ethics
- Biomedical Research
Background:
- Conflicts of interest (COI) are prevalent in hand surgery due to industry intersections.
- COIs extend beyond financial ties to include research, personal, social media, and royalty-based influences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the pervasive nature of COI in hand surgery.
- To discuss the various forms and impacts of COI in the field.
- To propose mitigation strategies for COI.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing evidence on COI in hand surgery.
- Analysis of disclosure inaccuracies and hidden biases.
- Synthesis of multi-level mitigation approaches.
Main Results:
- A significant percentage of authors (up to 81%) inaccurately disclose COIs.
- Social media and mentorship can obscure biases.
- COIs can influence clinical decisions, research outcomes, and educational content.
Conclusions:
- Effective COI mitigation requires transparency, adherence to guidelines, and institutional policies.
- A culture of integrity is crucial for ethical industry collaboration and patient care in hand surgery.
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