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Surface Charge Regulation of Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments
Zheng Xu1,2, Jie Yang1,3, Cheng Lian1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Nanoplastics (NPs) pose significant environmental and health hazards, with their aquatic transport and aggregation being critically governed by surface charge properties. However, the factors controlling NPs' surface charge remain incompletely understood. This study develops a coupled model that integrates the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equation (encompassing electrostatic field and diffusive transport) with a surface adsorption reaction model. Employing polystyrene NPs adsorbing sulfate ions as a model system, we systematically analyze the effects of particle size, shape, and ionic exclusion on surface charge across varying pH. Interparticle interaction energies are quantified via Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. This work provides quantitative insights into the mechanisms governing the variability of NPs' surface charge. The findings offer a theoretical basis for developing strategies to control the aggregation and removal of NPs in aqueous environments.
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