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Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period
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Mother-Infant Physiological Coregulation Is Associated With Infant Developmental Status Among Families With

Samantha M Brown1, Erika Lunkenheimer2, Savannah A Girod3

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

Developmental Psychobiology
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mothers

Keywords:
coregulationinfant developmentmother–infant interactionrespiratory sinus arrhythmiasynchrony

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Maternal-Child Interaction
  • Physiological Psychology

Background:

  • Mother-infant physiological coregulation is crucial for development.
  • Infant developmental status may influence these coregulation patterns.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key for supporting at-risk families.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between infant developmental status and mother-infant respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) coregulation.
  • To explore how dyadic RSA patterns differ based on infant socioemotional skills and developmental milestones.
  • To identify adaptive caregiving strategies informed by physiological coregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a double Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm with 53 US mother-infant dyads.
  • Collected respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) data in 30-s epochs during play and stress conditions.
  • Assessed infant development using standardized socioemotional skills and developmental milestones measures.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction revealed that maternal RSA withdrawal buffering infant RSA augmentation was linked to higher infant socioemotional competence.
  • Another interaction showed this dyadic RSA pattern was more prominent during stress in infants with lower developmental milestones.
  • Findings indicate mothers provide more physiological support during challenging contexts for infants with developmental needs.

Conclusions:

  • Mother-infant RSA coregulation dynamics are significantly associated with infant developmental status.
  • Maternal physiological engagement patterns adapt to infant needs, particularly during stress.
  • These findings can inform interventions aimed at promoting adaptive caregiving and infant development in high-risk populations.