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Wave-Partition-Governed Dual-Site Spallation in Single Crystals.

Youlin Zhu1, Sheng Qian1, Lianfu Qiu1

  • 1Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics & College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Discovering a novel dual-spallation phenomenon in shock-loaded crystals, this study shows how crystal orientation controls fracture. Specific orientations enhance damage resistance by managing shock wave interactions and void growth.

Keywords:
anisotropymolecular dynamicsshock loadingspall

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Spall failure in single crystals is orientation-dependent.
  • The link between shock wave anisotropy and fracture is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between shock wave propagation anisotropy and spall fracture mechanisms.
  • Discover novel spallation phenomena in shock-loaded single crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of void distribution statistics.
  • Fracture surface energy evaluation.
  • Application of the modified Nucleation and Growth (MNAG) model.

Main Results:

  • A novel dual-spallation phenomenon driven by anisotropic elastic-plastic wave separation was discovered.
  • Crystal orientations with stronger wave separation ([111]) exhibit two-stage spallation, unlike [100] orientations.
  • This mechanism enhances damage resistance by attenuating rarefaction wave interactions and suppressing void coalescence.

Conclusions:

  • Crystalline orientation control is a key strategy for developing impact-resistant materials.
  • Findings provide fundamental insights into dynamic fracture physics.
  • Results offer practical guidelines for materials design.