Constraints on the modeled vertical distribution of smoke during the 2020 western US wildfires from satellite data

As wildfires increase in frequency and intensity, accurately representing the vertical distribution of smoke in numerical models is critical for assessing impacts to air quality, but remains highly uncertain. In this study, we leverage satellite retrievals of total column carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol layer height (ALH) to evaluate two state-of-the-art regionals and global models, one using a plume rise parameterization to estimate smoke injection height (RAP-Chem) and another placing smoke at the surface (MOMO-Chem). We introduce a novel metric that utilizes the differing vertical sensitivities of two satellite sensors observing CO (TROPOMI and CrIS) to infer the vertical distribution of wildfire smoke using a joint CO column ratio. We find that RAP-Chem better captures the distribution of CO and ALH related to the 2020 western US megafire event than MOMO-Chem. However, RAP-Chem underestimates surface CO concentrations, revealing that current plume rise parameterizations are limited in their ability to partition smoke correctly in the vertical column. These results show that synergistic use of satellite data can provide additional constraints on the vertical distribution of smoke, thus providing insights into the strengths and limitations of current plume rise parameterizations and a pathway to improvement.