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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Combining Peripheral Nerve Grafting and Matrix Modulation to Repair the Injured Rat Spinal Cord

Combining Peripheral Nerve Grafting and Matrix Modulation to Repair the Injured Rat Spinal Cord

Published on: November 20, 2009

Protecting the Nerve Coaptation: Connector-Assisted Nerve Repair in Complex Injuries.

Nesreen Zoghoul Alsmadi¹, Curt Deister¹, Peter Evans²

¹Axogen Corporation, Research & Development, Tampa, FL.

Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online

|December 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Connector-assisted repair (CAR) showed improved peripheral nerve regeneration compared to direct repair (DR) in rats, with reduced inflammation and enhanced axonal growth, though muscle recovery was similar at six weeks.

Keywords:

Conduit-assisted repair Connector-assisted repair Nerve injury Nerve tube Peripheral nerve repair

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Published on: October 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Nerve Repair and Regeneration
Biomaterials in Surgery

Background:

Peripheral nerve injuries often result in functional deficits due to suboptimal regeneration.
Direct repair (DR) can be complicated by scar tissue and inflammation in the wound bed.
Connector-assisted repair (CAR) using biomaterial conduits may offer a protective environment for nerve healing.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the histological outcomes of peripheral nerve repair using CAR versus DR in a simulated traumatized soft tissue bed.
To evaluate the impact of CAR and DR on nerve regeneration, inflammation, and muscle atrophy in a rat sciatic nerve injury model.

Main Methods:

Sciatic nerves of 20 male Lewis rats were transected, and the muscle bed was cauterized to simulate a traumatized wound.
Nerves were repaired using either DR or CAR with porcine small intestine submucosa conduits.
At 6 weeks post-repair, nerve histology, adhesions, and gastrocnemius muscle wet weight were assessed.

Main Results:

The CAR group exhibited significantly fewer foamy phagocytes and macrophages (CD68+) compared to the DR group, indicating reduced inflammation.
More blood vessels and axons were observed in the CAR group, suggesting more robust nerve regeneration.
No significant differences were found in gastrocnemius muscle wet weight, extraneural adhesions, or intraneural collagen-to-cell ratio between the groups.

Conclusions:

CAR demonstrated a lower inflammatory response and less Wallerian degeneration compared to DR.
Enhanced vascularization and axonal presence in the CAR group indicate superior nerve regeneration.
While muscle weight was similar at 6 weeks, suggesting incomplete regeneration in both groups, CAR shows potential for improved nerve healing outcomes.