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Implementing climate menu labels in university settings: a narrative review
Mei-Li Hey1, Elizabeth Crespi1, Ariana Yett1
1Center for a Livable Future, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Frontiers in Nutrition
|December 8, 2025
Summary
Climate labels on university menus can encourage climate-friendly food choices. Studies show these labels reduce consumption of high-emission foods and increase low-emission food choices, though more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Behavioral Science
- Food Systems Analysis
Background:
- Global food systems contribute over 30% of greenhouse gas emissions.
- Climate labels provide consumers with food item climate impact information.
- University dining settings are key environments for influencing dietary habits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on the effectiveness of climate labels in university dining.
- To assess the impact of climate labels on consumer food choices.
- To identify factors influencing climate label efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and PubMed in April 2024.
- Inclusion criteria focused on study setting, language, and scope, resulting in 14 articles.
- Analysis of observed changes in consumption of high, medium, and low-emission foods.
Main Results:
- 86% of studies showed a decrease in high-emission food consumption.
- 60% observed a decrease in medium-emission food consumption.
- 63% noted an increase in low-emission food consumption, with varied responses by gender and age.
Conclusions:
- Climate labels show a small but detectable impact on consumer behavior in university dining.
- Effectiveness can be enhanced by supplementary strategies like promotions.
- Further research is needed on label optimization, demographic impacts, and long-term effects.
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