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Phantom for standardization in functional near-infrared spectroscopy, part 1: implementation and usage.

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A new phantom meets IEC 80601-2-71 standards for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) devices. This crucial step supports instrument standardization and clinical adoption of fNIRS technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Imaging

Background:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is increasingly used clinically.
  • Instrument standardization is vital for widespread fNIRS adoption.
  • A standardized phantom for testing fNIRS equipment according to IEC 80601-2-71 was previously unavailable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate a phantom prototype meeting IEC 80601-2-71 standards for fNIRS equipment.
  • To assess the phantom's suitability for testing fNIRS signal magnitude.
  • To report results from international measurement campaigns using the phantom.

Main Methods:

  • A phantom prototype was constructed and distributed to diverse fNIRS research and commercial groups.
  • The phantom's wavelength-dependent diffuse optical properties were characterized.
  • The phantom was used in a standardized test for fNIRS signal magnitude as per IEC 80601-2-71.

Main Results:

  • The phantom prototype demonstrated optical loss of ~40 dB, with adjustable loss between 3.5-3.6 dB.
  • Tests using the phantom on various commercial fNIRS devices were successfully completed.
  • The phantom's characteristics aligned with the IEC 80601-2-71 standard specifications.

Conclusions:

  • The developed phantom prototype effectively meets the requirements of the IEC 80601-2-71 standard.
  • The phantom is suitable for use in standardized fNIRS equipment testing.
  • This work facilitates the standardization and clinical integration of fNIRS technology.