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X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Demonstration of Advanced Timing Schemes in Time-Resolved X‑ray Diffraction Measurements.

Daniel Schmidt¹, David von Stetten², Michael Agthe²

¹TXproducts UG (haftungsbeschränkt), Luruper Hauptstr. 1, 22547 Hamburg, Germany.

|December 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new X-ray diffraction method for high-speed measurements. This technique uses patterned X-ray pulses to achieve high temporal resolution and flux, enabling faster scientific discovery.

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Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

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Published on: February 28, 2019

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Physics
Chemistry

Background:

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD) is crucial for studying dynamic processes.
Achieving high temporal resolution often compromises X-ray flux, limiting data acquisition.
Advanced timing schemes are needed to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel TRXRD method with high temporal resolution and high X-ray flux.
To demonstrate a technique for generating patterned X-ray probe pulses.
To validate the method's performance across different timescales and experimental setups.

Main Methods:

Utilizing on-off patterned probe pulse sequences generated by the WaveGate solid-state pulse picker.
Implementing advanced timing schemes for precise control of X-ray pulses.
Performing time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements at synchrotron beamlines.

Main Results:

Demonstrated high temporal resolution in TRXRD measurements.
Maintained high X-ray probe beam flux concurrently with high temporal resolution.
Successfully applied the method on millisecond and microsecond timescales.

Conclusions:

The presented method enables high-flux, time-resolved X-ray diffraction with exceptional temporal resolution.
This technique is feasible across various experimental conditions and timescales.
The method advances the study of ultrafast phenomena using X-ray diffraction.