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Sequential Phase-Engineered Afterglow Modulation in Mn-Doped Cs-Cd-Cl Perovskites for X-ray Time-Lapse Flexible
Chao Wang1,2, Zhengguang Yan1, Zixi Yin3
1Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 8, 2025
Summary
Researchers developed a novel phase transition strategy to create advanced manganese-doped cadmium chloride scintillators. These materials enable high-resolution, time-lapse X-ray imaging and delayed image retrieval, paving the way for flexible X-ray detectors.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Solid-State Physics
- Radiological Imaging
Background:
- X-ray imaging applications are expanding, requiring improved scintillator materials.
- Advanced scintillators are needed for time-lapse imaging and data retrieval.
- Designing Mn-doped ternary cadmium chlorides presents challenges in controlling crystal growth and properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a phase transition-guided strategy for designing Mn-doped ternary cadmium chlorides with long afterglow properties.
- To achieve phase-selective synthesis of specific Cs-Cd-Cl compounds through solubility-controlled methods.
- To create flexible X-ray scintillators with enhanced performance for time-lapse imaging and delayed visualization.
Main Methods:
- Employed solubility-controlled synthesis to modulate crystal growth dynamics.
- Sequentially synthesized Cs2CdCl4:Mn, Cs3Cd2Cl7:Mn, and CsCdCl3:Mn powders and single crystals.
- Fine-tuned mixed solvent ratios to achieve phase-selective synthesis.
- Fabricated flexible scintillating films by embedding phosphor powders into a polymer matrix.
Main Results:
- Established a robust framework for phase engineering in the Mn-doped Cs-Cd-Cl system.
- Identified CsCdCl3:Mn as having the highest trap density, leading to significant scintillation afterglow.
- Demonstrated a flexible scintillating film capable of high-resolution time-lapse X-ray imaging (13.6 lp mm-1).
- Achieved thermally stimulated image retrieval after X-ray exposure using the developed films.
Conclusions:
- The phase transition-guided strategy enables controlled afterglow modulation in Mn-doped chlorides.
- The developed flexible scintillators offer new possibilities for high-performance X-ray imaging.
- This work provides a generalizable approach for designing advanced scintillators with delayed visualization capabilities.
