Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

537
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
537
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

514
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
514
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

405
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
405
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

232
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
232
Vagina01:26

Vagina

27.6K
The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
27.6K
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

2.5K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IUJ Special Collection on the Microbiome, Urinary Tract Infection and Bladder Pain: A Field in Transition.

International urogynecology journal·2026
Same author

Mixed (reusable/single-use) catheter management versus single-use catheter management for intermittent catheter users (MultICath): A non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

International journal of nursing studies·2026
Same author

Circulating Neutrophils Exhibit an Altered Immune Response in Chronic LUTS: An Image-Based Deep Learning Analysis.

International urogynecology journal·2026
Same author

Is There Adequate Evidence for Intracellular Bacteria Being a Significant Cause of rUTIs and Thereby Justifying Targeted Treatments Such as Bladder Fulguration or Intravesical Therapies? ICI-RS 2025.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2025
Same author

Microbiologist in the Clinic: Pregnant Microbiologist with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria.

International urogynecology journal·2025
Same author

Tarnished gold-the "standard" urine culture: reassessing the characteristics of a criterion standard for detecting urinary microbes.

Frontiers in urology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

6.7K

The Vaginal Microbiome and Recurrent and Chronic Urinary Tract Infection.

Katie L Dalby1,2, Harry Horsley3, David Spratt4

  • 1Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK. katie.dalby.24@ucl.ac.uk.

International Urogynecology Journal
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Disruptions in the vaginal microbiome, particularly decreased Lactobacillus, are linked to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in menopausal women. Optimizing vaginal ecology may offer non-antibiotic UTI treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Genitourinary microbiomeMenopausePelvic painUrinary tract infectionVaginal microbiomeVaginal pain

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip
08:15

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip

Published on: February 16, 2024

3.1K
Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria
08:53

Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria

Published on: May 25, 2022

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

6.7K
Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip
08:15

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip

Published on: February 16, 2024

3.1K
Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria
08:53

Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria

Published on: May 25, 2022

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Genitourinary ecology
  • Microbiome research
  • Women's health

Background:

  • The link between vaginal and urinary microbiomes is known, but its role in recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) is unclear.
  • Research has primarily focused on acute UTIs in reproductive-aged individuals, neglecting chronic cases in menopausal women.
  • Menopause-associated changes in the genitourinary tract increase susceptibility to UTIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contribution of vaginal microbiota disruptions to chronic UTIs in menopausal women.
  • To highlight the potential of microbiome-targeted interventions for this high-risk group.
  • To underscore the need for further research into the genitourinary microbiome and chronic UTIs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review utilizing search terms related to UTIs, vaginal microbiome, menopause, and related conditions.
  • Screening, critique, and synthesis of relevant articles based on identified themes.
  • Focus on studies investigating genitourinary ecology and its impact on infection.

Main Results:

  • Lactobacillus species are crucial for a healthy vaginal microbiome.
  • Reduced vaginal Lactobacillus correlates with increased urinary pathogens and UTI susceptibility, especially during menopause.
  • Optimizing vaginal ecology presents a potential non-antibiotic strategy to reduce UTI burden and antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Disrupted vaginal ecology is linked to recurrent and chronic UTIs in menopausal women.
  • Microbiome-targeted treatments show promise but require more research.
  • Limited studies on chronic and recurrent UTI cohorts hinder clinical application, necessitating focused research.