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Updated: Jan 9, 2026
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Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
Published on: November 21, 2025
243
Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol.
Gonçalo Cotovio1, Carolina Seybert2, Daniel Rodrigues da Silva3
1Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; goncalo.cotovio@neuro.fchampalimaud.org.
Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|December 8, 2025
Summary
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) offers an effective, non-invasive treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This structured protocol ensures patient comfort and safety during the brain stimulation therapy.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
- Medical Devices
Background:
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
- It has demonstrated effectiveness for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), especially treatment-resistant cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline a structured, patient-centered protocol for rTMS therapy in MDD treatment.
- To emphasize precision, comfort, and safety throughout the rTMS procedure.
Main Methods:
- Patient positioning in a reclining chair with head support.
- Use of a lycra cap with marked treatment areas identified by the 5 cm rule or Beam F3 method.
- Delivery of electromagnetic pulses via a coil, with auditory and tactile feedback provided.
Main Results:
- rTMS sessions are generally comfortable, with minimal discomfort reported.
- Patients can resume daily activities post-session, though driving is discouraged immediately after.
- A typical protocol involves 20-30 daily sessions over 4-6 weeks with psychiatric monitoring.
Conclusions:
- A standardized rTMS protocol enhances treatment consistency and patient experience for MDD.
- The described step-by-step approach ensures effective delivery of rTMS therapy.
- Maintenance sessions may be utilized to sustain therapeutic benefits.
