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The lingering effect as memory persistence has distinct predictors from the garden-path effect.

Rei Emura1, Yousuke Kawachi2, Saku Sugawara3

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University.

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|December 8, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The lingering effect, where initial misinterpretations persist, is distinct from the garden-path effect. While parsing influences the garden-path effect, short-term memory impacts the lingering effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • The garden-path effect describes sentence processing difficulties due to ambiguous structures.
  • The lingering effect is the persistence of initial misinterpretations despite later disambiguation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct mechanisms underlying the garden-path and lingering effects.
  • To examine how ambiguity length and head position influence these effects in Japanese.

Main Methods:

  • Self-paced reading experiments to measure reading times.
  • Comprehension tasks to assess interpretation accuracy.
  • Analysis of Japanese sentences with varying ambiguous regions.

Main Results:

  • Ambiguity length and head position differentially affected garden-path and lingering effects.
  • Longer initial misparses linearly strengthened the garden-path effect but nonlinearly weakened the lingering effect.
  • Surprisal influenced the garden-path effect but not the lingering effect.

Conclusions:

  • The garden-path effect is primarily related to syntactic parsing processes.
  • The lingering effect is associated with short-term memory limitations.
  • These findings suggest distinct cognitive mechanisms for parsing and memory in sentence comprehension.