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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Probability Histograms

Probability Histograms

A probability histogram is a visual representation of a probability distribution. Similar a typical histogram, the probability histogram consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. It has both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The horizontal axis is labeled with what the data represents. The vertical axis is labeled with probability. Each rectangular bar in the histogram is 1 unit wide, which suggests that the area under each bar equals the probability, P(x), where x is 1, 2, 3, and so on.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Published on: June 4, 2020

Measuring spatial accessibility for wheelchair users: A case study in a Chinese campus.

Yizhe Huang^1,2, Chaobo Shi^1,2, Shujie Dong³

¹School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China.

|December 8, 2025

Summary

Campus accessibility for wheelchair users is crucial. This study found facility type and assistance significantly impact travel speed, highlighting the need for improved barrier-free designs to ensure spatial equity.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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Published on: June 4, 2020

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Area of Science:

Urban Planning
Accessibility Studies
Mobility Research

Background:

Barrier-free campus environments are vital for individuals with mobility impairments.
Empirical research on spatial accessibility for wheelchair users on campuses is limited.
Understanding wheelchair user travel characteristics is key to designing inclusive campus facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the travel characteristics of wheelchair users on campus.
To guide the planning and design of barrier-free campus facilities.
To extend pedestrian accessibility models for wheelchair users.

Main Methods:

Recruited thirty students with wheelchair experience.
Analyzed travel characteristics across various campus facilities.
Applied decision tree regression to identify factors affecting travel speed.
Extended pedestrian accessibility models using empirical results.

Main Results:

Facility type and travel mode (assisted vs. unassisted) significantly impacted wheelchair user travel speed.
Average travel speed was 1.03 m/s (assisted) vs. 0.67 m/s (unassisted).
Unassisted users faced challenges with curb ramps steeper than 1:5.
Accessibility visualization revealed spatial inequalities.

Conclusions:

Barrier-free facility design and assistance significantly influence wheelchair user mobility.
Existing campus accessibility shows spatial disparities.
Upgrading facilities and optimizing destination allocation can enhance wheelchair accessibility.