Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

23.9K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
23.9K
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

5.4K
Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
5.4K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

1.2K
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
1.2K
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

3.2K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
3.2K
Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

14.8K
Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
14.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chung-Jansen Syndrome in a Young Woman with a PHIP Variant: Severe Obesity, Intellectual Disability, and Endocrine Abnormalities.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Inhibition of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Interleukin-22 signaling and worsening of intestinal inflammation by <i>Sutterella</i> species.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

The Reactivity of Diiron(I) Bis-cyclopentadienyl Tricarbonyl Aminocarbyne Complexes in Aqueous Media: A Case Study for Iron-Based Anticancer Agents.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

The landscape of biased agonism in aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling: current clues and future directions.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

In Vitro Cytochrome P450 Interaction Profile and ADME Characterisation of Gold(I)-Triphenylphosphine Complexes with 6-Alkoxy-9-deazapurine Ligands.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Selective Functionalization with Organophosphite Ligands of Atomically Precise Platinum Chini Clusters.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by GalliumIII and H3 5,10,15-trispentafluorophenylcorroles
09:00

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by GalliumIII and H3 5,10,15-trispentafluorophenylcorroles

Published on: March 18, 2015

12.0K

Coligand-Dependent Cellular Effects and DNA/BSA Binding of Ruthenium(II) Tris(pyrazolylmethane) Complexes.

Alberto Gobbo1, Ján Vančo2, Sara Benetti1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa I-56124, Italy.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ruthenium complexes were evaluated for anticancer potential, with specific compounds showing significant activity against cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed distinct pathways including mitochondrial uncoupling and apoptosis induction, driven by ligand diversity.

More Related Videos

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.6K
Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by GalliumIII and H3 5,10,15-trispentafluorophenylcorroles
09:00

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by GalliumIII and H3 5,10,15-trispentafluorophenylcorroles

Published on: March 18, 2015

12.0K
The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.6K
Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ruthenium complexes are investigated for their diverse biological activities, including anticancer properties.
  • Ligand design plays a crucial role in modulating the efficacy and mechanism of action of metal-based anticancer agents.
  • Understanding structure-activity relationships is essential for developing novel chemotherapeutic drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel monocationic and bis-cationic ruthenium complexes.
  • To evaluate the in vitro anticancer potential of these synthesized ruthenium complexes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the observed cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of ruthenium complexes using IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy.
  • Solid-state structure determination via single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays on cancer and normal cell lines, solubility and stability studies, partition coefficient measurements, mechanistic investigations (cell cycle, ROS, mitochondrial potential), and DNA/BSA binding assays.

Main Results:

  • Novel ruthenium complexes (4-9 and 13-14) were synthesized in high yields.
  • Complexes 1 and 4 demonstrated significant to moderate anticancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.8 to 25.2 μM.
  • Mechanistic studies indicated ligand-dependent actions, including mitochondrial uncoupling (1, 4) and apoptosis/necrosis induction (13, 14).

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized ruthenium complexes exhibit promising anticancer potential.
  • Ligand diversity significantly influences the cytotoxic activity and mechanism of action.
  • These findings support the development of ruthenium-based therapeutics with tailored mechanisms for cancer treatment.