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Related Concept Videos

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
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Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

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PFAS-contaminated drinking water harms infants.

Robert Baluja1, Bo Guo2, Wesley Howden3

  • 1Cornerstone Research, Los Angeles, CA 90013.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water is linked to increased infant mortality and adverse birth outcomes. PFAS contamination poses significant health costs, exceeding water remediation expenses.

Keywords:
PFASbirthweightinfant mortalityreproductive healthwater pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Widespread human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is documented.
  • Evidence linking PFAS exposure to specific human health impacts remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between PFAS-contaminated water exposure and adverse infant health outcomes.
  • To estimate the economic burden of PFAS contamination on public health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of birth data from New Hampshire (2010-2019).
  • Comparison of infant health outcomes between mothers exposed to PFAS-contaminated water versus unexposed controls.
  • Extrapolation of health costs to the contiguous U.S.

Main Results:

  • Increased first-year infant mortality (191%) in areas with PFAS-contaminated water.
  • Higher rates of preterm birth (before 28 wk gestation) (168%) and low birth weight (<1,000 g) (180%) among exposed infants.
  • Estimated annual social costs of PFAS contamination in the U.S. at approximately $8 billion.

Conclusions:

  • PFAS in drinking water is associated with significant adverse infant health outcomes.
  • The health costs associated with PFAS contamination substantially outweigh the costs of water supply remediation.
  • Urgent public health interventions are needed to address PFAS contamination.