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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

4.2K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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An Integrative Approach to Functional Neurologic Disorder.

Rochelle I Frank1, Julio Quezada2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States.

Seminars in Neurology
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrative care offers a promising, holistic approach to treating functional neurological disorder (FND). This study explores its potential benefits and proposes a framework for its implementation in FND treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Integrative Medicine

Background:

  • Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) treatment often involves multidisciplinary strategies.
  • Integrative Medicine and Health combines conventional and complementary therapies for comprehensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the potential role of integrative care in treating FND.
  • To characterize the integrative approach and its benefits for FND.
  • To review evidence for relevant therapies and propose a clinical workflow.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current evidence for integrative therapies in FND.
  • Proposal of a potential integrative clinic workflow.
  • Illustration of application through clinical case vignettes.

Main Results:

  • The study highlights the potential benefits of an integrative approach for FND.
  • It reviews evidence supporting various therapies within an integrative model.
  • A proposed clinic workflow and case examples are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Integrative care presents a novel and potentially beneficial strategy for FND treatment.
  • Further systematic investigation and program development are warranted to explore integrative approaches in FND care.