Self-report physical activity instruments for United States adults: A systematic review of initial validation studies

To examine the methodological rigor and psychometric reporting of self-report physical activity (SRPA) instruments for adults, focusing on their initial validation studies.

A systematic literature review, guided by PRISMA, was conducted to identify SRPA instruments reporting initial validation of psychometric development from 1985 to July 2025. Five databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PsycTests, and Web of Science were searched. The International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE) Ready Reckoner was used to appraise instrument psychometric properties.

Nine SRPA instruments were identified and evaluated. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity demonstrated the highest methodological rigor, with strong validity, ease of use, and broad applicability. The 7-Day Physical Activity Recall and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly had good psychometric support but were more burdensome to administer. Common limitations included incomplete reporting of reliability and dimensionality.

The SRPA instruments vary in quality and feasibility. Selection should align with study objectives, population characteristics, and the specific psychometric strengths and limitations identified in each instrument.