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Comparative analysis of Tibetan human milk fat globule membrane proteins across lactation stages
Shenglong Du1, Xiaomei Zhang2, Minghui Zhang2
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing, Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing, Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China.
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are significant nutrients contained in human milk. However, information on MFGM proteins in Tibetan human milk remains limited. This study analyzed and compared MFGM proteins in human colostrum (HC), human transitional milk (HT), and human mature milk (HM) from Tibetan lactating mothers using label-free quantitative proteomics. We identified 2977 proteins in HC, HT, and HM, of which 215 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). In addition, the uniquely expressed proteins (UEPs) in HC, HT, and HM were also identified. We used bioinformatics to analyze these DEPs and UEPs and revealed the relationships between MFGM proteins, as well as their functions and pathways of action. The 16S rRNA was conducted on infant fecal samples, which reveals correlations between human milk MFGM proteins and the infant gut microbiome. This study enhances the understanding of MFGM proteins in human milk and provides new insights for improving infant formulas and developing specific products, especially for populations in high-altitude regions.
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are significant nutrients contained in human milk. However, information on MFGM proteins in Tibetan human milk remains limited. This study analyzed and compared MFGM proteins in human colostrum (HC), human transitional milk (HT), and human mature milk (HM) from Tibetan lactating mothers using label-free quantitative proteomics. We identified 2977 proteins in HC, HT, and HM, of which 215 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). In addition, the uniquely expressed proteins (UEPs) in HC, HT, and HM were also identified. We used bioinformatics to analyze these DEPs and UEPs and revealed the relationships between MFGM proteins, as well as their functions and pathways of action. The 16S rRNA was conducted on infant fecal samples, which reveals correlations between human milk MFGM proteins and the infant gut microbiome. This study enhances the understanding of MFGM proteins in human milk and provides new insights for improving infant formulas and developing specific products, especially for populations in high-altitude regions.
