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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Riding a Golf Cart Versus Walking: A Study on the Physiological and Performance Differences in Tournament Golf.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Golf Performance Analysis

Background:

  • Competitive golf requires significant physical exertion and effective fatigue management.
  • The use of golf carts in elite play raises questions about potential performance advantages.
  • Limited well-controlled studies exist on the impact of golf cart use on competitive golfers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of golf cart use versus walking on physiological, physical, and cognitive outcomes in competitive golfers.
  • To determine if golf cart use provides a performance advantage by altering key physical and cognitive metrics.
  • To provide data for informed decisions regarding golf cart policies in elite competitions.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen male competitive golfers completed two randomized rounds on a championship course.
  • Participants either walked with a caddie or rode in a golf cart.
  • Measures included physiological data (energy expenditure, core temperature, heart rate, exertion), physical data (steps, clubhead speed, ball speed, muscle power), and cognitive workload (NASA-Task Load Index).

Main Results:

  • Walking resulted in significantly higher step counts and activity energy expenditure compared to using a golf cart.
  • Core body temperature and heart rate were elevated during walking, with higher perceived exertion post-round.
  • No significant differences were found in carry distance, clubhead speed, or ball speed between the two conditions.
  • Cognitive assessment indicated higher physical demand and lower perceived performance when walking.

Conclusions:

  • Golf cart use substantially reduces the physiological and physical demands of playing golf compared to walking.
  • Despite reduced exertion, golf cart use does not appear to negatively affect key performance metrics like clubhead speed or ball speed.
  • Walking imposes greater physical and cognitive strain, potentially impacting performance over multiple rounds; further research is warranted.